Precision Arithmetic: A New Floating-Point Arithmetic

A new deterministic floating-point arithmetic called precision arithmetic is developed to track precision for arithmetic calculations. It uses a novel rounding scheme to avoid the excessive rounding error propagation of conventional floating-point arithmetic. Unlike interval arithmetic, its uncertainty tracking is based on statistics and the central limit theorem, with a much tighter bounding range. Its stable rounding error distribution is approximated by a truncated Gaussian distribution. Generic standards and systematic methods for comparing uncertainty-bearing arithmetics are discussed. The precision arithmetic is found to be superior to interval arithmetic in both uncertainty-tracking and uncertainty-bounding for normal usages. The arithmetic code is published at http://precisionarithm.sourceforge. net.